Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Several studies have described ethnic differences in HbA1c. Non-Caucasian patients have been found to have a higher HbA1c than the Caucasian ones. These differences have often been attributed to disparities in access to medical care or quality of the care. However differences in HbA1C in ethnic minorities could also relate to biological factors so we looked at mean levels of glycaemia. The aim of our study was to observe if there is a similar correlation between ...

Background: Disrupted thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis has devastating effects on human neurodevelopment. THs are critical signaling molecules in neurodevelopment, acting on differentiation of neural cells, migration, synaptogenesis and myelination, with deiodinases governing intracellular TH concentrations in a spatiotemporal manner. It is remarkable that fetal neural cells, while being key target cells of TH, exhibit strong activity of the TH inactivating enzyme DIO3. Curren...

Background: Metastatic disease is common in bone, with the majority occurring in the spine, pelvis, and long bones such as the femur and humerus. Acrometastasis, a term used to describe malignant spread distal to the elbow and knee, is a pattern less commonly seen. Its rarity often leads to delayed diagnosis; the condition may be confused with more common conditions such as inflammatory arthritis and Charcot neuroarthropathy, the latter especially in particular in patients wit...

Skeletal muscle exists in a state of continuous synthesis and breakdown of muscle proteins in order to preserve normal metabolic and locomotive functioning. Hormones are well established regulators of this homeostatic process. Chronic systemic inflammation can dysregulate skeletal muscle homeostasis via the disruption of endocrine signalling pathways. This can result in skeletal muscle atrophy, which is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and sarcopenia....

With an aging population the number of total joint replacements performed due to end-stage osteoarthritis is increasing. Critically, a significant proportion of patients report dissatisfaction following surgery, with around 10% of hip and 20% of knee OA patients developing chronic postoperative pain. Obesity is a well-known risk factor for the development of OA. Pre-surgical obesity has been previously associated with worse clinical outcomes following arthroplasty. Therefore, ...

Introduction: Two childhood cases of somatotroph pituitary adenomas caused by aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) mutations highlight the importance of screening for familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) genes and wider family implications.Case 1: A 13.5-year-old girl presented with 5 years growth acceleration and size ten feet, with no headache or visual disturbance. Examination: coarse facial features, large hands and feet...

Background: Upto 5% of women will develop diabetes in pregnancy, which is increasing as a result of higher rates of obesity and older age. Diabetes in pregnancy is related increased risk to the mother and to the foetus.Aims: To assess the management of diabetes in pregnancy and monitor outcomes.Methods: This was a retrospective study that included 92 pregnant females, who were diagnosed with gestational diabetes following and oral ...

We present a 52-year-old female with a 26-year history of type-2 diabetes mellitus who has been difficult to treat owing to the development of multiple insulin allergies. She initially developed local hyperpigmentation and itchy swellings at the injection sites of her Humulin I in 2016, with similar symptoms occurring when she was switched to NovoRapid. Additionally, she developed one severe, systemic reaction to Humulin I. All insulin treatment was stopped, and she was left s...

Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy. Although, associated with good prognosis, it may have a highly recurrent and fatal outcome in selected groups of patients. Filipinos in particular were reported to be the ethnic group with the highest incidence of thyroid cancer in several studies. Thyroid cancer among Filipinos were also observed to be more aggressive and recurrent in nature. This paper aims to describe the experience of a Phi...

The incidence of recurrent well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) continues to rise as better imaging test and more sensitive monitoring improves disease surveillance. Despite its excellent prognosis, increasing morbidity from recurrent diseases continues to affect long-term outcome of most patients leading to higher medical cost and poorer quality of life. Filipino ethnicity in particular was reported to have the highest incidence of thyroid cancer with a highly aggressive...